Learning Spanish Part Eight Some Really Bad Science
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Learning Spanish, Part Eight: Debunking the Myths
Summary:
This article explores the outdated stereotype that adults can't effectively learn a foreign language and presents modern insights that debunk this myth.
Introduction:
Where did the myth that adults struggle with learning new languages originate? The answer lies in outdated science from the 1960s.
The Outdated Theory:
A theory by Lenneberg in 1967 suggested a critical period for language acquisition, after which the brain's plasticity diminished, making it difficult for adults to learn a new language. According to this idea, if you didn’t start learning a second language before puberty, you were at a disadvantage.
Modern Insights:
Recent studies have shown differences in how children and adults learn languages, but adults often have distinct advantages:
- Cognitive Abilities: Adults have a mature understanding of semantics and grammar.
- Learning Efficiency: They can absorb vocabulary and grammatical structures more effectively.
- Memory Utilization: Adults can integrate language components using their well-developed long-term memory.
Emotional Barriers:
The biggest hurdle for adults is emotional. Many believe in the myth that they cannot succeed and fear embarrassment. In contrast, children are less worried about making mistakes, which allows them to learn languages seemingly faster.
How Children Learn:
Children naturally learn a language by listening and observing before speaking:
- They undergo a "silent period" during which they intensely listen to and absorb language.
- This process involves connecting words with actions and images.
- Eventually, they start speaking, having grasped the basics naturally.
Applying Children’s Methods to Adults:
Adults can adopt a similar approach by prioritizing listening before speaking. This helps build a strong foundation, just as children do with their native language.
Challenges with Conversational Classes:
Group classes with other non-native speakers can reinforce poor pronunciation and grammar habits. A more effective method would be one-on-one lessons with native speakers, providing an opportunity to hear correct usage without interference.
Research Support:
Studies by Petoskey, Winitz, and others suggest that the best approach for adults is to start with extensive listening, focusing on comprehension before speaking.
Conclusion:
To achieve fluency, adults should embrace intensive listening before delving into speaking and formal grammar instruction. This mirrors the natural process of language acquisition experienced in childhood.
Looking Ahead:
In our next segment, we'll explore strategies to further enhance language learning.
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