Now You Know Why That Hurricane Occurs
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Understanding Why Hurricanes Occur
Summary
The Earth's atmosphere is a complex system that relies on equilibrium. Tropical latitudes accumulate significant heat due to the Earth's orbit and tilted rotation. This heat disperses to mid-latitudes through tropical storms, the most powerful of which are hurricanes. West of the International Date Line, these are called typhoons, and around Australia and the Indian Ocean, they are known as cyclones.
Article Body
Equilibrium is essential for maintaining the complex system of the Earth's atmosphere. Tropical latitudes build up considerable heat because of Earth's orbit around the sun and its tilted axis. This heat is redistributed to mid-latitudes via tropical storms. The most powerful of these storms are called hurricanes. In different regions, these storms have various names: typhoons west of the International Date Line and cyclones around Australia and the Indian Ocean.
Formation of Tropical Storms
Tropical storms originate around the intertropical convergence zone over warm waters. Sea surface temperatures must exceed 80 degrees Fahrenheit. Thunderstorm clusters develop when large cloud areas evaporate due to convection. Rotation is triggered by the Coriolis effect when these storms form approximately 10 degrees or more from the equator.
As these systems move away from the equator, their winds strengthen and their rotation speeds up. A system is classified as a tropical storm when winds reach 39 miles per hour, and as a hurricane at 74 miles per hour.
Eye of the Storm
Hurricanes, among nature's most destructive storms, play a crucial role in atmospheric balance. The hurricane's eye, centrally located, remains calm, with low pressure. Although violent seas are possible, the eye typically has clear skies and calm conditions. It features the storm's coolest surface temperatures but gets warmer at higher altitudes. The eye is usually circular, with diameters ranging from 5 to 125 miles.
Eye Wall and Its Impact
The boundary between the storm and its eye is called the eye wall, consisting of the storm's heaviest rain, tallest clouds, and strongest winds. When a tropical storm's eye wall passes over land, it can cause significant damage. Well-formed hurricanes have a complete eye wall wrapping around the eye, while weaker storms often have partial eye walls.
Eye Wall Replacement Cycle
In more intense hurricanes, an "eye wall replacement cycle" can occur. These storms have smaller eye walls and eyes compared to other tropical storms. Sometimes, outer rain bands form thunderstorms, creating a new outer ring. This process can temporarily weaken the storm as it cuts off momentum and moisture sustaining the current eye. However, when a new eye forms, the storm can intensify, sometimes more than before.
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