Understanding Green Card
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Understanding the Green Card
The United States Permanent Resident Card, commonly known as the Green Card, serves as identification for individuals who live permanently in the U.S. but are not citizens. It grants the holder the legal right to reside and work in the country and provides many of the rights enjoyed by U.S. citizens. Originally named the Alien Registration Receipt Card, it is now referred to as the Permanent Resident Card, or Form I-551, although "Green Card" remains the popular term.
The card was initially green, which led to its nickname. Over the years, the design and color have changed, with only parts of the card remaining green by 2005. Despite these changes, its purpose and official name have remained constant. The card includes details such as the holder’s name and photograph, and it has been updated regularly to prevent counterfeiting.
Green Card holders in the U.S. are required to carry their card at all times, a rule enforced to avoid complications if asked for identification by a U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) officer. Unlike U.S. citizens, who have broader constitutional rights, Green Card holders are considered non-citizens, or aliens. While this rule was less strictly enforced before September 11, 2001, it became more rigorously applied thereafter. The Department of Homeland Security conducts random checks, necessitating readiness to present the card.
The responsibility of issuing Green Cards formerly belonged to the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS), but it was absorbed by the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS), previously known as the Bureau of Citizenship and Immigration Services (BCIS), which operates under the Department of Homeland Security.
Obtaining a Green Card is a lengthy and detailed process that can take years. The timeline and acceptance depend on the applicant's category and country of origin. Despite meeting all criteria, there’s a cap on annual approvals against an unlimited number of applicants.
Applicants must fit into at least one qualifying category:
1. An employer is willing to sponsor the entire application process.
2. A relative is a U.S. citizen.
3. Winning the Green Card lottery.
4. Marriage to a U.S. citizen.
5. Investing a minimum of $500,000 in the U.S., creating five full-time jobs.
Additional qualifications include asylum or refugee status, special immigrant categories, adoption, private legislation, and registry.
By understanding these key aspects of the Green Card, applicants can better navigate the process to gain permanent residency in the United States.
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