Ethical Relativism and Absolute Taboos

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Ethical Relativism and Absolute Taboos


Overview


Taboos influence many aspects of our lives, from sexual conduct and race relations to political and economic systems. These societal norms often carry significant weight, governing behaviors through prohibitions that seem sacred but can also provoke feelings of guilt and danger.

Understanding Taboos


Taboos are cultural prohibitions, often tied to the sacred or the dangerous. For example, Jews perform ritual cleansing after contact with both sacred Torah scrolls and the accursed, like corpses. The connection between the sacred and the accursed fuels the guilt associated with breaking taboos.

In Polynesia, taboos originated and could restrict activities like fishing in certain seasons or dictate behaviors during major life events. Similarly, political correctness can act as a modern form of taboo enforcement, affecting discussions on topics like life, incest, suicide, and race.

Incest: A Complex Issue


Incest is often linked to child abuse, but it encompasses much more, including the prohibition of consensual adult relationships among relatives. While traditionally thought to prevent genetic diseases, incestual taboos occur regardless of genetic ties, as seen with step-relations or same-clan prohibitions in certain cultures.

Historically, inbreeding was common in many societies, including among royalty. In some cultures, incest is mandatory based on social class. The economic aspect of inheritance often underlies strict incest prohibitions. Yet, both Sigmund Freud and Edward Westermarck offer contrasting views on incest, relating it to deep-seated family dynamics.

The Complexity of Suicide


Actions like self-sacrifice and euthanasia, while connected to suicide, often aim to uphold values rather than end life. Many view suicide as demeaning to life’s meaning, suggesting it disrupts an eternal framework. This societal discomfort leads to treating suicide as a criminal act, challenging concepts of freedom of expression and self-ownership.

Historically, philosophers like St. Thomas Aquinas and Sir William Blackstone have argued against it, considering life a gift or property of God. This paternalistic viewpoint persists, often overriding individual autonomy.

Race and Its Discontents


Discussions about race, historically hindered by events like genocide, often conflict with political correctness. Despite race being a socio-political construct more than scientific, certain traits can correlate within racial groups. Yet, exploring these scientifically and unbiasedly is crucial, despite political taboos against doing so.

Moral Relativism and Its Implications


Ethical relativism posits that moral codes are culturally dependent, but some ethical principles, like fairness and truthfulness, appear universal. Taboos often reflect practical moral principles, adaptable based on cultural efficacy. They should be critically assessed for their continued relevance and effectiveness.

In summary, while taboos serve significant regulatory functions in society, they are not unchangeable truths. Understanding their cultural context and purpose helps challenge unproductive taboos and fosters societal growth.

You can find the original non-AI version of this article here: Ethical Relativism and Absolute Taboos.

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