M1 Abrams Mbt Engine
Below is a MRR and PLR article in category Reference Education -> subcategory Weather.
M1 Abrams Main Battle Tank Engine
Overview
The M1 Abrams is equipped with a powerful 1500 hp (1119 kW) Honeywell AGT1500 gas turbine engine, initially developed by Lycoming. This engine pairs with a six-speed Allison X-1100-3B Hydro-Kinetic Automatic transmission, which features four forward gears and two reverse. This combination allows the tank to reach a governed top speed of 45 mph (72 km/h) on paved roads and 30 mph (48 km/h) off-road. If the engine governor is removed, the tank can potentially reach speeds of 60 mph (100 km/h) on smooth surfaces, but this may damage the drivetrain and tracks, and increase the risk of injuries to the crew.
The M1 Abrams is versatile in fuel usage, running on diesel, kerosene, motor gasoline (MOGAS), or jet fuels JP-4 and JP-8, with the U.S. Army opting for JP-8 for logistical efficiency. While the gas turbine is reliable in both practice and combat, its high fuel consumption presents a logistical challenge, with the turbine startup alone requiring 40 liters of fuel.
Operational Challenges
The high-speed, high-temperature exhaust from the rear of the M1 Abrams complicates urban combat, making it challenging for infantry to follow closely. Although the turbine produces noise similar to a helicopter engine, it has a unique pitch, earning it the nickname "Whispering Death" due to its reduced audible range compared to contemporary diesel engines. Future U.S. tanks may switch back to reciprocating engines. Modern 4-stroke diesel engines, such as those in the Leopard 2, Challenger 2, and Merkava, have proven effective. However, the turbine's compact size, simplicity, superior power-to-weight ratio, and ease of replacement offer significant advantages over reciprocating engines.
Deployment Considerations
The Abrams can be transported by aircraft like the C-5 Galaxy and C-17 Globemaster III, though logistical constraints exist. A C-5 can carry one combat-ready tank or two transport-ready tanks, while a C-17 holds one combat-ready tank. These limitations posed logistical issues during the First Gulf War, but sufficient time allowed for the transport of 1,848 tanks by sea.
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