The Invention of Television
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The Invention of Television
The fascination with transmitting images dates back to 1875 when George Carey from Boston introduced his ambitious system. Five years later, the fundamental principle of scanning pictures line by line and frame by frame?"still foundational in modern television?"was independently proposed in the USA by W.E. Sawyer and in France by Maurice Leblanc. In 1884, Paul Nipkow in Germany patented the first comprehensive television system, utilizing the newly discovered properties of selenium. By 1907, Boris Rosing from Russia successfully transmitted images, and in 1911, Scottish engineer Campbell Swinton suggested the use of cathode-ray tubes.
Another Scottish innovator, John Logie Baird, surpassed American inventor C.F. Jenkins by delivering the first public television demonstration in 1926 in Soho, London. This broadcast, although dim and flickering, marked the beginning of experimental broadcasting in Britain. In April 1930, Irish actress Peggy O'Neil became the first person interviewed on TV. Japan aired an elementary school baseball game in September 1931, and Nazi Germany began its broadcasting service in 1935, covering the 1936 Olympics. By November 1936, the BBC was broadcasting daily from Alexandra Palace in London, reaching 100 TV sets across the country.
Initially, there were various competing standards. Baird's technology was eventually outpaced by Isaac Shoenberg and his team at Electric and Musical Industries (EMI) in 1931. Companies like RCA in the USA and Philips in the Netherlands developed their systems. It wasn't until 1951 that standards for public broadcasting were established in both the USA and Europe.
The commercial potential of television was first realized by the Americans. In July 1941, Bulova Clock paid $9 to WNBT New York for the first 20-second TV commercial, aired during a Brooklyn Dodgers and Philadelphia Phillies game. Soap operas debuted in February 1947 with "A Woman to Remember" on DuMont TV. On July 4, 1958, KTLA Channel 5 in Los Angeles launched the first TV news helicopter.
The journey of color television began early, with the first patent issued in Germany in 1904. Russian-born American innovator Vladimir Kosma Zworykin introduced a complete color system in 1925, and Baird demonstrated color TV in 1928. Researchers at Bell Laboratories further refined color TV in the late 1920s, and French inventor Georges Valenso patented significant advancements in 1938. Yet, color television only became widespread in the 1960s.
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