Sodium Vapour Lamp
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Sodium Vapour Lamp
Overview
A Sodium Vapour Lamp features a discharge tube made from heat-resistant glass. Inside, it contains a small amount of metallic sodium, neon gas, and two electrodes. This setup enables the lamp to produce light, making it valuable for various lighting applications.How It Works
The lamp utilizes neon gas to initiate an electrical discharge, generating enough heat to vaporize the sodium. Due to the low pressure inside the tube, which measures about 0.004 mm of mercury, a long tube is necessary for optimal light output. To manage size, the tube is typically bent into a U-shape.Design and Operation
The emitted light is a distinctive yellow hue, produced at an optimal pressure sustained by maintaining a temperature of approximately 280°C. To retain this temperature, the U-shaped tube is housed within a double-walled flask, which is easily replaceable. Caution is essential during replacement to prevent the sodium from contacting moisture, as this could cause a fire.Starting the lamp requires a higher voltage, typically about 450 volts. This is provided by a high leakage reactance transformer. Once the lamp is fully operational?"usually within 10 to 15 minutes?"the voltage decreases to around 150 volts. Due to the high reactance of the circuit, the power factor is low, so a power factor improvement capacitor is used to enhance efficiency.
Applications and Efficiency
Low-pressure sodium vapour lamps are highly efficient, delivering about 40-50 lumens per watt. They are ideal for street, highway, and airfield lighting where color accuracy is less critical. The unique yellow light is particularly suited for environments where distinguishing colors is not essential.In summary, sodium vapour lamps are an efficient and practical choice for large-scale lighting needs, especially in areas where color distinction is not a priority.
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