Learn More about Diamonds
Below is a MRR and PLR article in category Reference Education -> subcategory Science.
Learn More About Diamonds
Discovering the World of Diamonds
Understanding the Journey from Earth’s Depths to Dazzling Jewelry
Diamonds, primarily composed of over 99.95% pure carbon, are the hardest natural substances known to humans. The remaining 0.05% includes elements that can influence the diamond's color and shape. These gems form deep within the Earth, between 75 and 120 miles below the surface, where the necessary heat and pressure exist.
A Glimpse into History
Volcanic eruptions that occurred over 50 million years ago brought diamonds closer to the Earth’s surface, a process that began more than 2.5 billion years ago. Some diamonds settled in volcanic pipes, while others traveled great distances through floods and rivers, sometimes ending up on ocean shores. The first diamond mines were discovered in India before 500 BC, making it a major supplier for over 2,000 years. Today, countries like Australia, Botswana, Russia, South Africa, Zaire, and Canada have taken the lead in diamond production.
The Stages of a Diamond’s Journey
Stage 1: Mining
Diamonds reach the surface via volcanic forces through kimberlite pipes. Mining involves creating large vertical shafts with tunnels to extract them. It takes over 200 tons of rock, gravel, and sand to produce just one carat of gem-quality diamonds. The conditions can be extreme, requiring the thawing of frozen ground or withstanding intense desert heat. Notably, only about 20% of rough diamonds are polished for jewelry; the rest serve industrial purposes.
Stage 2: Rough Diamonds Hit the Market
Many rough diamonds are sold to De Beers' Central Selling Organization (CSO). They sort these rough diamonds into over 5,000 categories, pricing and selling them to manufacturers during special events called "sights." There are ten sights annually, each lasting a week. Only select buyers, known as "sight holders," have the opportunity to purchase. The remaining rough supply is sold to private buyers or through auctions.
Stage 3: Cutting and Manufacturing
Regardless of the initial source, all rough diamonds eventually reach major cutting centers like Antwerp, Israel, Bombay, Johannesburg, and New York. Experts carefully evaluate each stone to determine the best cut for maximizing its value. They consider the diamond’s shape and internal inclusions before marking and sawing it. Specialized cutters then work to refine and polish the diamond until it's ready for sale.
Stage 4: Reaching the Consumer
Once cut and polished, diamonds are sold to jewelry manufacturers and wholesalers, who then sell to retail stores. Technological advancements are streamlining this pipeline, allowing manufacturers to connect directly with consumers. By understanding the 4Cs?"cut, color, clarity, and carat weight?"and purchasing certified diamonds, consumers can find high-quality gems at competitive prices, even online.
This comprehensive journey transforms a diamond from a raw, unrefined crystal deep within the Earth into a stunning, polished gem cherished in jewelry worldwide.
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