On Being Human
Below is a MRR and PLR article in category Reference Education -> subcategory Philosophy.
On Being Human
Exploring Human Uniqueness
Summary
What makes us human? Often, it's defined by what sets us apart from animals and machines?"a concept known as "human-ness." Yet, as we delve deeper, this definition becomes more complex and less clear-cut.
---
Defining Humanity
The traditional understanding of being human focuses on traits that distinguish us from animals and machines. However, the evolution of thought challenges this notion, suggesting a continuum between humans and animals.
Quantitative and Qualitative Differences
We share some abilities with animals, like using tools and processing symbols, but we excel in these areas. Quantitative differences are easier to identify, but qualitative differences?"such as emotions, reasoning, and self-awareness?"are harder to define without truly understanding the animal mind.
AI and machines add another layer of complexity. A machine passing the Turing Test might be considered "human," but what truly sets us apart?
Literature and Human Nature
Literature often explores humanity through figures like Frankenstein's monster, who behaves more humanely than actual humans, highlighting our unpredictability. This unpredictability arises from our genetic nature interacting with changing environments.
Philosophical perspectives vary widely. Constructivists view human nature as a cultural construct, while sociobiologists see it as a result of our evolutionary past, beyond moral judgment.
Human Characteristics
Human awareness of mortality may be the defining trait. Unlike other beings, this awareness fuels our appreciation for life, leading to creativity and moral choices.
The inevitability of death forces us to choose, emphasizing the importance of free will?"a trait we assume animals and machines lack. However, as technology advances, questions arise about bionics and where humanity ends and machinery begins.
Introspection and Identity
Introspection?"the ability to reflect on oneself?"is considered uniquely human. But can a machine programmed to introspect truly reflect? Critics argue introspection requires will, a concept that leads to philosophical paradoxes.
Assumptions and Conventions
Assumptions about gender, race, and humanity's essence are embedded in our definitions. For example, historical perspectives often differentiated between men and women genetically and culturally. Today, we question whether these differences affect their "human-ness."
The notion of a human without a body?"a mere soul or energy?"challenges traditional views. Would a machine-supported consciousness be considered human? Similarly, what about individuals in comas or newborns? Are they fully human?
Human vs. Person
Often, "human" is conflated with "person," but they are distinct. Locke defined a person as a moral agent responsible for actions, based on continuity of consciousness. This definition includes non-human entities, like machines, if they meet certain criteria, potentially making them more "human" than a brain-dead individual.
Philosophical Perspectives on Personhood
Philosophers like Descartes and Strawson explore personhood from different angles, considering corporeal and mental attributes inseparably. Some limit "personhood" to animals, but this perspective is considered unnecessarily narrow.
A Synthesis
Ultimately, a person could be any entity capable of consistently experiencing a range of consciousness and maintaining psychological attributes. This view accommodates entities beyond humans and recognizes the personhood of those with mental impairments.
Human identity is a blend of intertwined psychological continuities, akin to clubs or nations.
---
This exploration challenges us to reconsider what it truly means to be human in an evolving world.
You can find the original non-AI version of this article here: On Being Human.
You can browse and read all the articles for free. If you want to use them and get PLR and MRR rights, you need to buy the pack. Learn more about this pack of over 100 000 MRR and PLR articles.