Sambo The Unique And Effective Russian Fighting Art.
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Sambo: The Unique and Effective Russian Fighting Art
Summary:
Sambo, officially recognized in 1938 by the USSR All-Union Sports Committee, is a modern martial art originating from the former Soviet Union. It serves as both a combat sport and a self-defense system. Sometimes called Sombo in the USA, Sambo translates to “self-defense without a weapon” and has roots in folk wrestling styles like Mongolian Khapsagay, Armenian Koch, and Georgian Chidaoba.
Article Body:
Sambo is a distinctive martial art developed in the Soviet Union, gaining official recognition as a sport in 1938. This martial art integrates elements of combat sports and self-defense. In the United States, it’s sometimes spelled as Sombo, signifying "self-defense without a weapon." Its techniques draw from traditional wrestling styles such as Mongolian Khapsagay, Armenian Koch, and Georgian Chidaoba.
Though there's no singularly acknowledged founder, Anatoly Kharlampiev is often credited as its main developer. Vasili Oshchepkov, a victim of the 1933 political purges, and Viktor Spiridonov, who adapted Sambo due to a shoulder injury from the Russo-Japanese war, contributed significantly by creating a system resembling soft, aikido-like movements.
Sambo is one of four amateur wrestling styles practiced today, alongside Greco-Roman, Freestyle wrestling, and Judo. Recognized by FILA as the third style of international wrestling in 1968, the Federation International Amateur Sambo (FIAS) was later formed in 1985. Although featured as a demonstration sport at the 1980 Moscow Olympics, boycotts meant Sambo missed subsequent Olympic inclusion.
Originally a singular system, Sambo now encompasses four distinct styles. Borba Sambo or Sport Sambo is akin to Judo but allows leg locks while prohibiting choke holds. Self-defense Sambo mirrors jujitsu or Aikido, focusing on defending against both armed and unarmed attacks. Boyevoye Sambo or Combat Sambo, designed for military use, includes weaponry techniques and disarming moves, resembling a blend of older Judo and modern mixed martial arts. Lastly, Special Sambo caters to Special Forces and law enforcement with varying techniques across branches. Competitors sport red or blue jackets called kurtkas, matching belts, shorts, and Sambo shoes known as sambovki.
Russian martial arts stand apart from Eastern ones, focusing less on strict techniques and more on training concepts. Eastern styles often emphasize rehearsed moves, whereas Sambo promotes structured improvisation. Practitioners are taught that enduring pain is a consequence of errors; improvement is indicated by reducing injuries.
Today, Sambo schools and instructors can be found around the globe, reflecting the growing popularity of this dynamic martial art.
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