Misdiagnosing Narcissism - Generalised Anxiety Disorder GAD
Below is a MRR and PLR article in category Master Series -> subcategory Psychology.
Misdiagnosing Narcissism and Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)
Overview
Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) is frequently misdiagnosed as Narcissistic Personality Disorder (NPD), leading to confusion in both diagnosis and treatment.Understanding the Differences
Anxiety Disorders
GAD is characterized by persistent, excessive worry. Symptoms include obsessive thoughts, compulsive behaviors, restlessness, fatigue, irritability, difficulty concentrating, and physical symptoms like increased heart rate and sweating.Narcissistic Personality Disorder
Narcissists constantly seek social approval or attention (Narcissistic Supply), relying on external feedback to regulate their self-worth. This dependence often results in irritability, rage, and frustration. Like those with Social Phobia, narcissists fear public embarrassment or criticism, which impairs their social, work, and romantic relationships.Common Misunderstandings
Similarities in Behavior
Narcissists and individuals with GAD both fear being judged and strive for perfection. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-IV-TR, p. 473) notes that GAD patients, especially children, are excessively concerned about approval and reassurance, a trait shared with narcissists.Key Distinction
While both groups are preoccupied with social validation, narcissists withdraw from competition, believing others unworthy of their efforts. In contrast, those with anxiety disorders are over-invested in their work, striving for perfection but often achieving less due to their excessive worry.Important Differences for Diagnosis
Ego-Dystonic vs. Ego-Syntonic
Narcissists are typically ego-syntonic; they are proud of their identity. Conversely, individuals with anxiety disorders experience distress and seek help, making differential diagnosis crucial.In summary, while GAD and NPD share certain symptoms, understanding their underlying motivations and responses is essential for accurate diagnosis and treatment.
References
1. Goldman, H.G. (1995). Review of General Psychiatry (4th ed.). Prentice-Hall International.2. Gelder, M., et al. (2000). Oxford Textbook of Psychiatry (3rd ed.). Oxford University Press.
3. Kernberg, O. (1975). Borderline Conditions and Pathological Narcissism. Jason Aronson.
4. Millon, T. (2000). Personality Disorders in Modern Life. John Wiley and Sons.
5. Vaknin, S. (2005). Malignant Self Love: Narcissism Revisited. Narcissus Publications.
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