Diamonds 101
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Diamonds 101
Introduction
Diamonds captivate many not only due to their stunning beauty and the status they confer but also because of their exceptional durability. As the hardest natural substance known, diamonds have proven indispensable beyond just adornment, being essential for various industrial applications.
Versatility and Uses
Known for their incredible light dispersion and toughness, diamonds are invaluable as top-tier abrasives. They can only be scratched by other diamonds, fullerite, which is ultra-hard, or Borazon. This property allows them to maintain their polish and lustrous sheen. Annually, we mine 130 million carats of diamonds, valued at around $9 billion, alongside millions of carats of synthetic diamonds.
Historical Significance
The term "diamond" derives from the ancient Greek word "adamas," meaning invincible. Historically treasured, diamonds have been revered since ancient India, where they were often seen as religious symbols. Early humans utilized diamonds for engraving. Their popularity surged in the 19th century due to improved cutting and polishing techniques, a stronger global economy, and effective marketing campaigns. Diamonds are evaluated based on the four Cs: carat, clarity, color, and cut.
Global Sources and Mining
Nearly half of all diamonds come from southern or central Africa, yet significant sources also exist in Canada, Russia, India, Australia, and Brazil. They are extracted from volcanic formations called kimberlite or lamproite pipes, created under intense temperature and pressure deep within the Earth. The mining and distribution of diamonds remain mired in controversy, with issues involving African paramilitary groups and allegations against the De Beers Group regarding market control. However, De Beers now holds less than half of the global market share.
By understanding the multifaceted roles and rich history of diamonds, we can appreciate why they have become symbols of wealth, durability, and beauty across cultures.
For more information, visit [Wikipedia - Diamond](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diamond).
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