Orchards in English Pleasure Gardens

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Orchards in English Pleasure Gardens


Overview


In the Middle Ages, orchards were almost indistinguishable from pleasure gardens. These spaces were not just about fruit trees; they featured medicinal and culinary herbs, flowers, fountains, seating, and other architectural elements typical of pleasure gardens.

Historical Context


Many fruit trees in these orchards were imported from France during the thirteenth century, often carrying French names. Notable pears included the rule, passe-pucelle, and caloel. Apples like pearmain and costard likely had French origins as well. Cherries made a comeback with the Norman Conquest, while peaches, medlars, quinces, and chestnuts were popular imports. Grafting was a refined skill, allowing for the cultivation of multiple varieties on a single oak stock. For instance, vines were grafted onto cherries, and plums onto vines.

The Role of Herbs


Herbs were crucial in these gardens. In some cases, they were cultivated in designated areas called herbaries. However, many flowers now seen as purely ornamental were believed to have healing properties or were used in sauces. Thus, herbaries were not strictly limited to what we now consider herbs. Additionally, some plants were grown for distillation into love potions or even poisons.

This blend of utility and beauty made orchards essential features of medieval pleasure gardens.

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