Gardens During The Crusades
Below is a MRR and PLR article in category Home Family -> subcategory Gardening.
Gardens During The Crusades
Overview
The Crusades significantly influenced the development of gardens during the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. During peaceful periods in the Holy Land, Crusaders were often welcomed by their adversaries. This contact allowed them to explore Oriental luxuries and incorporate these influences into their homes in England.
Impact on European Gardens
The Crusades brought a transformation in both the details and overall style of European architecture and garden design. This shift was evident in the layout of gardens, the grandeur of fountains, and the addition of statuary. Elements like bathhouses, introduced from the Middle East, became popular. For example, Edward I reportedly adopted the concept from Palestine and constructed a bathhouse near Leeds Castle in the thirteenth century, now repurposed as a boathouse. Additionally, the use of tents and canopies in gardens, crafted from opulent tapestries, became fashionable among the English nobility.
Horticultural Influences
The Crusaders admired the lush planting of Oriental gardens, influencing European horticulture. Elaborate fountains were designed to manage and preserve water in gardens. Exotic flora from the East began to flourish throughout Europe, following earlier introductions in Italy and other southern regions. Notable flowers like the rose and lily, both of Oriental origin, made their reappearance by the eighth century.
The yellow Persian rose was highly praised by ancient Muslim writers, and its cultivation in Europe dates back to this era. The rose of Provence, introduced by Thibaut IV, Count of Champagne, thrived in Provins for centuries. The damask rose, named for its roots in Damascus, also highlights its Eastern origin. Syrian daffodils were once found at Horseley Castle, and Armenian violets could be seen in various locations. Many exotic plants, now naturalized and familiar in Europe, were gifts from the Crusaders' journeys to the East.
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