When Avian Flu Persists Wildlife May Sound Tamer than Birds
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When Avian Flu Persists, Wildlife May Sound Tamer than Birds
Overview
The emergence of a new viral strain combining Human Influenza Virus with Bird Flu poses a significant threat as it could lead to a global pandemic against which humans have little to no immunity.
Understanding Avian Flu
Avian Flu, caused by the Type A influenza virus, primarily affects waterfowl and poultry. However, there's a substantial risk that a new strain might develop from the interaction between Human Influenza and Bird Flu, potentially sparking a worldwide health crisis.
Historical Context
The World Health Organization notes that similar flu pandemics have occurred three times in the 20th century. In 1997, a sub-strain emerged from genetic exchanges between human and avian viruses, resulting in the H5N1 strain. This strain affected 18 people and caused six fatalities in Hong Kong. By 2004, it infected 44 individuals in South Asia, claiming 32 lives.
Transmission and Mutation
The H5N1 strain, known for its rapid mutation, spreads through direct contact with poultry and bird droppings. This explains its impact in poultry-intensive regions like China and Vietnam. It can also transmit from person to person via direct contact or airborne droplets.
Symptoms and Treatment
Infected individuals might experience a sudden fever, sore throat, cough, and in severe cases, respiratory distress due to viral pneumonia. Antivirals like Amantadine, Rimantadine, Oseltamivir, and Zanamivir are effective against H5N1, though some strains may resist these treatments.
Prevention Measures
The World Health Organization recommends preventive steps such as proper hand washing, safe food handling, thoroughly cooking poultry, and avoiding contact with bird droppings, especially in markets and farms.
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