Neutropenia

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Neutropenia


Neutropenia is a disorder of the circulatory system characterized by an abnormally low count of neutrophil granulocytes. These are a crucial type of white blood cell, typically making up about 50-70% of the body's white blood cells, playing a vital role in defending against harmful bacteria. When neutropenia occurs, the body becomes vulnerable to infections. Common symptoms include fever, mouth ulcers, diarrhea, chills, shortness of breath, and a sore throat.

Classification of Neutropenia


Neutropenia is classified into four categories based on the "absolute neutrophil count" (ANC):

1. General Neutropenia: An ANC of fewer than 2,000 per microliter of blood. This is the least severe, with an increased chance of infection.

2. Mild Neutropenia: An ANC between 1,500 and 1,000.

3. Moderate Neutropenia: An ANC ranging from 1,000 to 500.

4. Severe Neutropenia: An ANC below 500, indicating a high risk of imminent infection.

Types of Severe Neutropenia


There are five main types of severe neutropenia:

1. Congenital Neutropenia: Present at birth, this rare type can lead to complications like bone deterioration, tooth loss, and gum erosion.

2. Cyclical Neutropenia: Occurs periodically, usually every three weeks, lasting three to six days each time. It often runs in families and tends to become less severe after puberty.

3. Idiopathic Neutropenia: Develops during or after another illness, taking advantage of a weakened immune system.

4. Autoimmune Neutropenia: The body mistakenly attacks its neutrophils, treating them as foreign invaders.

5. Drug-Induced Neutropenia: Certain medications can drastically reduce white blood cell levels, creating an environment conducive to bacterial growth.

Conclusion


Understanding the nuances of neutropenia is crucial for effective management and prevention of potential infections. If you suspect you or a loved one might be affected, consulting a healthcare professional for proper diagnosis and treatment is essential.

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