Characteristics Of Enzymes
Below is a MRR and PLR article in category Health Fitness -> subcategory Other.
Characteristics of Enzymes
Summary:
The term "enzyme" originates from the Greek word "ensymo," where "en" means "at" or "in," and "simo" refers to "leaven" or "yeast." Enzymes are primarily proteins acting as biological catalysts, although some RNA molecules, known as ribozymes, also exhibit catalytic properties. These enzymes temporarily bind to reactants, reducing the activation energy required and thus accelerating chemical reactions, sometimes by millions of times.
Article:
Enzymes, derived from the Greek word "ensymo" (where "en" means "at" or "in," and "simo" means "leaven" or "yeast"), are crucial biological catalysts, predominantly made of proteins. There are also RNA molecules known as ribozymes that perform similar catalytic functions. By temporarily binding to reactants, enzymes lower the activation energy needed for reactions, significantly speeding them up.
Without enzymes, most chemical reactions in biological cells would occur too slowly, producing different products and ultimately making life unsustainable. The proper functioning of enzymes is vital, as even a single malfunction?"resulting from mutations, overproduction, underproduction, or deletion?"can lead to severe diseases.
The activity of enzymes is heavily influenced by changes in temperature and pH. Each enzyme operates optimally at a specific temperature and pH level. Deviations from these conditions result in decreased enzyme activity. Additionally, various molecules can impact enzyme function. Inhibitors decrease or stop enzyme activity, whereas activators enhance it.
Beyond their biological role, enzymes have numerous commercial applications. Many household cleaners use enzymes to accelerate chemical reactions, such as breaking down proteins or removing starch stains from fabrics. With over 5,000 known enzymes, their names typically include the suffix "ase," added to the substrate name they act upon.
Enzymes are found throughout the body, in all tissues and fluids. Intracellularly, they drive metabolic reactions. Enzymes on the plasma membrane facilitate cell response to external signals, and those in the circulatory system play a role in blood clotting.
In summary, enzymes are indispensable to both biological processes and various commercial applications, underscoring their vital role in sustaining life and improving the efficiency of numerous industrial processes.
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