Facial Tumour Disease

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Devil Facial Tumour Disease


Overview


Devil Facial Tumour Disease is a lethal condition affecting Tasmanian devils, characterized by noticeable facial cancers. The disease begins with small lesions or lumps around the mouth, which grow into large tumors on the face and neck, sometimes spreading to other body parts. Adult devils are most susceptible, with males typically affected before females. Severely impacted devils may develop multiple tumors throughout their bodies.

Conservation Efforts


In response to declining populations, the Tasmanian Government has proposed listing the devil as vulnerable under the State's Threatened Species Act. Data indicates the devil population has decreased by 33 to 50 percent from a peak of 130,000 in 1990.

Disease Spread


First discovered in northeastern Tasmania in the mid-1990s, the disease has spread across much of eastern Tasmania. Its exact boundaries remain unclear. While the disease is fatal to most devils, the mechanism of transmission is still being studied, but it seems highly infectious. Currently, it has only been observed in wild devils on the Tasmanian mainland. Similar conditions have been noted in koalas, cats, and pigs in mainland Australia.

Research and Implications


Ongoing research aims to understand the disease's impact on wild populations and develop management strategies to ensure the survival of Tasmanian devils. If their numbers continue to decrease, there may be an increase in non-native species like feral cats and possibly foxes, newly introduced to Tasmania. According to Mooney (2004, p.34), devils typically serve as a natural control for fox populations by competing for food and preying on fox cubs.

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