Common Medications To Treat High Cholesterol
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Common Medications for High Cholesterol
Overview
If you have high cholesterol or are at risk for heart disease, your doctor may recommend medication to help lower your cholesterol levels. Various medications work through different mechanisms, so understanding your options is crucial.
Statins
Statins are among the most frequently prescribed medications for reducing cholesterol. They inhibit an enzyme the liver uses to produce cholesterol, slowing its overall production. For those at risk of plaque buildup in the arteries (atherosclerosis), statins not only slow plaque growth but can also shrink existing plaques, reducing the risk of stroke or heart attack. Risk factors for atherosclerosis include high cholesterol, diabetes, family history of heart disease at a young age, and advancing age.
Common Statins:
- Atorvastatin (Lipitor)- Rosuvastatin (Crestor)
- Fluvastatin (Lescol)
- Simvastatin (Zocor)
- Lovastatin (Mevacor)
- Pravastatin (Pravachol)
Most side effects, like nausea and vomiting, are mild. However, a rare but serious side effect is rhabdomyolysis, which can cause muscle damage and potentially lead to kidney failure. Report any muscle or joint pain to your doctor immediately.
Resins
Resins work by binding with cholesterol-containing bile acids in the intestines, facilitating their excretion. They mainly reduce LDL cholesterol and are often combined with statins for enhanced effects. Commonly prescribed resins include:
- Cholestyramine (Questran)
- Colestipol (Colestid)
- Colesevelam (WelChol)
Resins may cause side effects like gas, bloating, nausea, and constipation and can interfere with the absorption of other medications.
Nicotinic Acid
Nicotinic acid (niacin) is a B vitamin that, in therapeutic doses, reduces LDL cholesterol and triglycerides. Over-the-counter niacin supplements won't have the same effect and could cause serious side effects. Notable brands include:
- Niacin
- Niacor
- Slo-Niacin
Consult your doctor if you're taking other medications, particularly blood pressure medication, as interactions may occur.
Gemfibrozil (Lopid)
Gemfibrozil reduces triglycerides and increases HDL (good) cholesterol. It interacts with medications like Coumadin, increasing bleeding risks, and glyburide, which can lower blood sugar. Rhabdomyolysis is a rare but serious side effect. Discuss your current medications with your doctor before starting Gemfibrozil.
Clofibrate (Atromid-S)
Used to reduce LDL cholesterol, Clofibrate is typically prescribed only when other methods prove ineffective, due to numerous side effects. Ensure your doctor knows about all other medications you're taking, including over-the-counter drugs.
Ursodiol (Actigall, Urso)
Produced by the liver, Ursodiol decreases cholesterol production and absorption. Possible side effects include gastrointestinal issues like nausea and diarrhea, as well as rash and back pain. Other medications might reduce its effectiveness.
Other Options
Numerous other treatments, including dietary supplements and non-prescription drugs, can help manage cholesterol levels. Always discuss any new medication with your doctor, informing them of all current medications to determine the best approach for you.
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