Bird Flu Human Infection
Below is a MRR and PLR article in category Health Fitness -> subcategory Disease Illness.
Bird Flu: Human Infection
Understanding Bird Flu and Its Impact on Humans
Bird flu is caused by the H5N1 avian influenza virus, first identified in birds in China in 1997. Since then, it has infected humans in Vietnam, Cambodia, Thailand, and Indonesia, with a fatality rate of about 50%, resulting in 64 deaths out of 125 cases. The virus spreads from infected migratory birds, such as ducks and geese, to domestic poultry like chickens and turkeys, and then to humans.
Similarities to the 1918 Influenza
The bird flu virus shares genetic similarities with the deadly 1918 influenza, which killed over 100 million people worldwide. Studies have shown that the 1918 virus produced far more viruses in experiments than the regular flu strain and was lethal to mice. Bird flu's high fatality rate makes it a serious health concern.
Symptoms and Clinical Features
Reports on bird flu in humans are limited. Symptoms range from mild infections to severe pneumonia and organ failure. Common signs include fever, cough, and difficulty breathing, with around 70% of patients experiencing diarrhea. Some individuals may develop liver or kidney issues, and others have died from related encephalitis symptoms like seizures and diarrhea.
Case Studies and Treatment
Deaths typically occur in previously healthy individuals. A study of 12 patients in Hong Kong revealed a range of ages from one to 60 years, showing symptoms like fever and respiratory issues. Five of these patients died. Another study in Vietnam highlighted that most patients had direct contact with infected poultry. Treatment with antivirals like oseltamivir was often administered too late, resulting in high mortality.
Distinguishing Bird Flu from Seasonal Flu
Bird flu symptoms can resemble those of seasonal flu, including fever, cough, and gastrointestinal issues. However, excessive bleeding is unique to bird flu but not common. Breathing difficulties are more frequent with severe bird flu cases. Typically, a nonproductive cough with white sputum is noted.
Complications and Predictions
During a potential bird flu outbreak, most infected individuals may experience mild or no symptoms. Those who become severely ill will require hospitalization and treatment with antivirals like oseltamivir or zanamivir. Complications may include acute respiratory distress syndrome, liver or kidney failure, neurological issues, or bleeding problems, but most people are expected to recover without severe long-term effects.
Author: Bradford Frank, M.D., M.P.H., M.B.A.
For more information, visit [AvoidBirdFlu.com](http://www.avoidbirdflu.com) or contact The Frank Group at P.O. Box 138, Lakewood, NY 14750.
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