Avian Influenza crossed the Species Barrier
Below is a MRR and PLR article in category Health Fitness -> subcategory Disease Illness.
Avian Influenza: Crossing the Species Barrier
Summary
Avian influenza is primarily transmitted to domestic birds through direct contact with infected fowl, or via contaminated saliva, nasal secretions, feces, or shared water and feed.Key Points
- Avian influenza, or bird flu, is an infectious disease caused by type A influenza virus strains, first identified over a century ago in Italy.- Outbreaks have occurred in several Asian countries, affecting both domestic and wild bird populations.
- The H5N1 subtype poses a significant threat to bird populations and human health.
- Although human transmission is rare, those in contact with infected birds are at risk, particularly without proper precautions.
Current Situation and Concerns
Shigeru Omi, Director of the Western Pacific Region of the World Health Organization, warned of a severe pandemic threat, emphasizing the need for international cooperation. Samuel Jutzi of the U.N. Food and Agriculture Organization also highlighted the risk of avian influenza spreading to poultry-keeping countries globally.Transmission and Symptoms
The virus spreads to domesticated birds through direct contact with infected birds or their secretions, and via contaminated water or feed. In humans, symptoms include fever, cough, sore throat, muscle aches, eye infections, pneumonia, severe respiratory diseases, and potentially life-threatening complications. Infection severity largely depends on the individual’s immunity.Treatment and Prevention
Currently, there's no specific cure for H5N1 infection in humans. However, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention suggests oseltamivir phosphate (Tamiflu) may be effective. Other antiviral medications like amantadine and Relenza (zanamivir) are also approved by the FDA for treating type A influenza. Amantadine can reduce cases by 61%, while Relenza, an inhaler, is effective if used within two days of symptoms appearing.Global Spread and Response
The spread of avian flu is exacerbated by the lack of effective diagnostic tools and insufficient surveillance systems. Public education, especially among health officials, is crucial for managing outbreaks. Workers involved in the culling process must be provided with proper protective clothing and equipment.Moving Forward
Reducing infection rates in poultry and protecting humans from avian influenza is paramount. Ongoing research is essential to enhance the effectiveness of antiviral medications against emerging virus strains.For more information, visit [CheckFlu.com](http://www.checkflu.com).
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