SQL Server Security
Below is a MRR and PLR article in category Computers Technology -> subcategory Software.
SQL Server Security
Overview
Expert IT Consulting in New Jersey and New York offers tailored database design, custom programming, and web development. With proficiency in C++, VB, Java, SQL Server, Oracle, Sybase, and .NET technologies, we specialize in client-server consulting.
Security Levels in SQL Server
SQL Server security is multi-layered, starting with the user's login account. There are two main security modes:
1. NT Authentication: Windows NT (or its successors) authenticates users. SQL Server trusts this verification, making it suitable for users within trusted domains.
2. SQL Server Authentication: SQL Server itself verifies user identity. This method is commonly used for internet connections, where users may not have Windows NT, and trusted NT domains are not available.
Roles and Permissions
To simplify access management, roles can be defined at the server level, grouping users with similar access needs. Assigning users to roles automatically grants them the associated permissions.
Types of Permissions
- Statement Permissions: Allow execution of specific T-SQL commands.
- Object Permissions: Allow direct access to database objects.
Managing Logins, Users, and Roles
Adding Logins
- Through the Database Properties Window or via system stored procedures.
- To add a SQL Server authenticated login:
```
sp_addlogin 'loginname', 'password', 'databasename'
```
- To add an NT authenticated login:
```
sp_grantlogin 'domainname/username'
```
Database Access and User Management
- Grant database access:
```
sp_grantdbaccess 'loginname'
```
- View users:
```
sp_helpuser
```
or
```
sp_helpuser 'username'
```
- Revoke database access:
```
sp_revokedbaccess 'username'
```
- Remove NT login:
```
sp_revokelogin 'username'
```
- Remove SQL Server authenticated login:
```
sp_droplogin 'username'
```
Role Management
- Add a role:
```
sp_addrole 'roleName'
```
- Add user to a role:
```
sp_addrolemember 'roleName', 'username'
```
- Remove user from role:
```
sp_droprolemember 'roleName', 'username'
```
- Add server role member:
```
sp_addsrvrolemember 'username', 'serverRole'
```
- Drop server role member:
```
sp_dropsrvrolemember 'username', 'serverRole'
```
Granting Permissions
Use the `GRANT` command to assign permissions:
- Statement Permissions Example:
```
GRANT CREATE DATABASE TO 'username'
```
- Object Permissions Example:
```
GRANT SELECT ON 'tableName' TO 'username'
```
- You can also apply permissions to groups or roles. If a role has a permission, a user within that role can be explicitly denied with `DENY`, which is not simply the negation of `GRANT`. To remove permissions or denials, use `REVOKE`.
Additional Resources
Articles
- Identifying Your SQL Server Service Pack Version and Edition: An insightful discussion on SQL Server versions and editions.
Tutorials
- Writing ASP Code with Access or SQL Server: A tutorial on utilizing SQL Server for ASP code development.
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For custom database software needs, contact our Metro NY/NJ SQL Server Consultants for a free consultation at (973) 635-0080 or email us at paladn.com.
You can find the original non-AI version of this article here: SQL Server Security.
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