Computer Networking Fundamentals
Below is a MRR and PLR article in category Computers Technology -> subcategory Networks.
Computer Networking Fundamentals
Overview
A computer network is a system that connects two or more computers, enabling communication through various mediums such as radio waves, wires, infrared, and optical fibers. These networks are essential in our daily lives, primarily for communication and resource sharing.
Importance of Computer Networks
Computer networks facilitate the sharing of resources, including fax machines, printers, modems, and files. They are also vital for using database servers, email, chat, and internet services. In these networks, computers connected to resources are known as servers, while those accessing these resources are called clients. However, in peer-to-peer networks, there are no dedicated servers.
Sharing resources like printers and modems across a network reduces operational costs. Databases hosted on networks store critical data and execute essential tasks. Additionally, emails and chats enable instant communication and file sharing.
Types of Networks
Networks are categorized based on size:
- Local Area Networks (LAN)
- Wide Area Networks (WAN)
- Metropolitan Area Networks (MAN)
- Personal Area Networks (PAN)
The network topology, which refers to how computers and resources are connected, can be:
- Bus Network
- Ring Network
- Star Network
Networking Hardware
Networking hardware includes wiring, network cards, and hubs. Network cards allow computers to understand each other through unique MAC addresses, which identify each device. Hubs connect multiple computers, and can also link to other hubs, expanding the network's reach.
Two computers can communicate using Ethernet cards, phone lines, or power lines, with hardware kits available for around $100.
Wireless Networking
As the number of devices increases, so does the complexity of cable management. Wireless networking, which uses radio transceivers or infrared signals, becomes a viable solution. Technologies like Wi-Fi and Bluetooth exemplify wireless networking, though security concerns may arise. Despite this, there is a growing trend towards wireless solutions among consumers.
The Impact of Computer Networks
Networks have redefined the 21st century. The digital world now operates at a faster and more expansive pace than ever before. This transformation has been powered by computer networks, revolutionizing business, communication, research, and many other aspects of life. The advancement of networks has significantly propelled the technological revolution forward.
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