The Evolution Of Map Printing
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The Evolution of Map Printing
Overview
Early mapmaking wasn't driven by economics but by religious purposes. Ancient maps were adorned with religious symbols, much like those found in the Book of Kells. In the 12th century, world maps took the form of a "T and O," symbolizing a circular world centered around Jerusalem. This shape reflected religious ideas rather than scientific ones, emphasizing divine perfection. These maps, primarily used by the church, represented the world unfolding according to divine will.
Limitations and Changes
The "T and O" maps were not practical for travel; they served religious veneration instead. By the 15th century, maps retained the "T and O" form but began incorporating depictions of real people and continents. However, their main function remained religious. Gradually, some manuscripts started focusing on secular aspects, introducing features recognizable in today’s maps. They included real rivers with names and geographical locations while still incorporating religious symbols. Such maps characterized the late 15th-century style.
Exploration and Accuracy
Much of the additional map information in the late 15th century was collected by travelers. European maps, particularly influenced by Marco Polo’s journeys, were becoming closer to accurate representations. The work of Ptolemy, a 2nd-century geographer and astronomer, was instrumental. He created a map more accurate than previous attempts, although it was intended more as a classical reproduction rather than for navigation.
Advancements in Cartography
The advancement of cartography in Spain influenced Dutch mapmaking. After gaining independence from Spanish control, the Dutch began compiling their cartographic information, resulting in the first Dutch-printed map in 1570. This innovation sparked significant exploration, transforming Europe’s understanding of the world. The myth that Atlas, from Greek mythology, held the world on his shoulders was dispelled, and the mystical fears of exploring unknown lands diminished.
Modern Impact
Today’s maps are incredibly beneficial for travelers, aiding them in reaching destinations safely and returning home. Furthermore, maps have greatly enhanced the global economy by facilitating international trade and the exchange of goods and services.
In conclusion, the evolution of map printing has transitioned from religious representations to practical tools that shape our understanding of the world and drive exploration and commerce.
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